EXTRACTION, PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY OF SCHREBERA SWIETENIOIDES LEAVES EXTRACT
Noureen Khan
ABSTRACT
The present study was undertaken to investigate the extraction yield, phytochemical profile, antioxidant potential, and immunomodulatory activity of the hydroalcoholic leaf extract of Schrebera swietenioides. Sequential extraction revealed a higher percentage yield for the hydroalcoholic extract (7.50% w/w) compared to petroleum ether extract (0.80% w/w). Preliminary phytochemical screening of the hydroalcoholic extract confirmed the presence of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, proteins, and carbohydrates, while alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, and diterpenes were absent. Quantitative estimation showed total phenolic content of 0.985 mg/100 mg and total flavonoid content of 0.647 mg/100 mg of dried extract. The antioxidant activity assessed by the DPPH radical scavenging method demonstrated concentration-dependent inhibition with an IC?? value of 78.23 µg/mL, indicating moderate antioxidant potential compared to ascorbic acid (IC?? = 17.15 µg/mL). Immunomodulatory activity was evaluated using neutrophil adhesion test, carbon clearance assay, and hemagglutination (HA) titer. The extract significantly enhanced neutrophil adhesion and phagocytic index, indicating stimulation of innate immunity. It also modulated HA titer, suggesting an effect on humoral immune response. The immunostimulatory activity observed at 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg doses was comparable to the standard drug Levamisole. The findings suggest that the hydroalcoholic extract of Schrebera swietenioides leaves possesses significant antioxidant and immunostimulatory properties, likely attributed to its phenolic and flavonoid constituents. The study scientifically supports the traditional use of the plant and highlights its potential as a natural immunomodulatory agent.
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