STUDY OF DIFFERENT DRUG WHICH GIVE TERATOGENICITY EFFECTS IN PREGNANCY
Vivek Dwivedi, Purnima Tripathi, Dr. S. Nayak
ABSTRACT
Teratogenicity refers to the capability of certain substances, including drugs, to cause congenital abnormalities or malformations in a developing fetus. This study explores the historical context, mechanisms, and various categories of teratogenic agents with a particular focus on pharmaceutical drugs. The investigation covers commonly prescribed medications such as ACE inhibitors, NSAIDs (like diclofenac), thalidomide, antineoplastic agents, antiepileptic drugs (e.g., valproic acid), anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin), and retinoids, examining their teratogenic mechanisms and effects. The study also discusses chemical agents (e.g., alcohol, cocaine, methyl mercury, lead), maternal factors like diabetes and epilepsy, and physical agents including cigarette smoke and ionizing radiation, all of which contribute to fetal anomalies. Notable congenital conditions such as spina bifida, hypocalvaria, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), polydactyly, facial dysmorphia, and clubfoot are highlighted as outcomes of these exposures. Understanding the mechanisms of teratogenicity, critical exposure periods, and the importance of prevention strategies is crucial for minimizing risk during pregnancy. This study reinforces the need for healthcare professionals to critically assess the risk-benefit profile of medications prescribed during pregnancy.
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