A GREENER SUSTAINABLE BIOSURFACTANT: EVALUATION AND COMPARISION OF SAPONIN RICH EXTRACT OF SAPINDUS MUKOROSSI OBTAINED FROM DIFFERENT EXTRACTION METHOD
Devendra Kushwaha, Manoj Kumari More
ABSTRACT
This study evaluates and compares the saponin-rich extracts obtained from the pericarp of Sapindus mukorossi using various extraction methods, including aqueous, ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate, and enzymatic techniques. The qualitative analysis revealed the presence of key phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and glycosides, with saponins being present in all extracts. The yield and concentration of saponins were highest in aqueous and 70% ethanol extracts, achieving 31.5% yield and 52.0 mg/ml concentration, respectively. The emulsification index demonstrated significant surfactant properties, with maximum emulsification observed at elevated temperatures. The study further examined the impact of extraction parameters, such as temperature, time, and material-to-solvent ratio, on saponin yield. Results indicated optimal conditions for maximum yield and emulsification at specific temperature and solvent ratios. Additionally, fermentation studies highlighted a decrease in saponin concentration over time, suggesting a need for optimized fermentation processes. The findings establish Sapindus mukorossi as a promising source of biosurfactants, with potential applications in various industries, including cosmetics and food.
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