REVIEW ARTICLE ON EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS IN IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMS
Kashish Singh, Jyoti Sahu, Krishnaavtar Patel, Lakhan Singh, Sheetal Jain, Megha Shrivastava
ABSTRACT
Immunization programs are essential for controlling and eliminating vaccine-preventable diseases, thereby improving public health outcomes globally. Epidemiologic methods play a fundamental role in the design, implementation, and evaluation of these programs. This review article provides an in-depth examination of the epidemiologic techniques used in immunization programs, including surveillance, cohort studies, case-control studies, and randomized controlled trials. We discuss how these methods contribute to understanding vaccination coverage, vaccine efficacy, and the identification of factors influencing vaccine uptake. Furthermore, the review highlights the importance of monitoring and evaluation systems in detecting and responding to disease outbreaks, assessing vaccine impact, and guiding policy decisions. By enhancing the precision and effectiveness of immunization strategies, epidemiologic methods ensure the successful reduction of disease burden and support the goal of achieving widespread immunization coverage. This article underscores the need for continued application and innovation in epidemiologic approaches to strengthen global immunization efforts.
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